Nutrient sulfate is essential for numerous physiological functions in mammalian growth and
development. Accordingly, disruptions to any of the molecular processes that maintain the
required biological ratio of sulfonated and unconjugated substrates are likely to have
detrimental consequences for mammalian physiology. Molecular processes of sulfate
biology can be broadly grouped into four categories: firstly, intracellular sulfate levels are
maintained by intermediary metabolism and sulfate transporters that mediate the transfer of …